Dysprosium vs Gallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy
Ga
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7429916
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
- Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1886
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
- Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C
32
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa
23
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s
33
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Dy
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
66
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
66
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
96
35
39
99+
Number of Electrons
66
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm
16
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol
23
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)
32
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm
37
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
15
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3
25
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa
31
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa
31
Not Available
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa
33
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
25
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.55
38
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m
2
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K
14
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K
99+
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol
39
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol
32
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K
7
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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