Dysprosium vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy
Sc
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429916
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
- Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1886
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
- Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C
32
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa
23
750.00 MPa
12
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s
33
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Dy
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
66
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
66
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
96
35
24
99+
Number of Electrons
66
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm
16
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol
23
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)
32
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm
37
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
15
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3
25
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa
31
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa
31
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa
33
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.25
25
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.55
38
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m
2
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K
14
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol
39
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol
32
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K
7
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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