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Erbium vs Beryllium

Erbium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
Be  
Group Number
Not Available  
2  
16
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
1 * 10-7 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.00000001 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
2,970.00 °C  
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
White Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
11
590.00 MPa  
21
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
19
1,670.00 MPa  
4
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
28
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
36
1.57  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.81  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
1.47  
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.54  
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.58  
23
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
23
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.98 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
99  
33
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
29
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
39
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
1.57  
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
23
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
25
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
27
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
29
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
0.03  
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
32
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
294.70 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
11.72 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
326.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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