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Beryllium vs Samarium

Beryllium
Samarium
Samarium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Sm  
Group Number
2  
16
Not Available  
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1797  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %  
23
5 * 10-7 %  
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %  
29
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
32
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
32
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
21
441.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
4
412.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
24
1.17  
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
12
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
14
1.07  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
12
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
23
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
23
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
6
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4  
99+
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
88  
39
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
229.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
19.95 cm3/mol  
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
44.80 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
362.10 pm  
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
18
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
7.16 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
19.50 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
37.80 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
49.70 GPa  
37
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
35
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.20 J/(kg K)  
31
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
29.54 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
34
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
30
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
30
8.62 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
30
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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