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Europium vs Lead

Europium
Lead
Lead vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Pb   
Group Number
Not Available   
14   
4
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1896   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
Not Available   
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
125   
19
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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