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Europium vs Osmium

Europium
Osmium
Osmium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Os  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
114  
26
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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