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Osmium vs Thulium

Osmium
Thulium
Thulium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Tm   
Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.25   
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
100   
32
Number of Electrons
76   
39
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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