Gadolinium Radium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd
Ra
Group Number
0
18
2
16
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440542
33
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Not Available
Discovery
In 1880
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
34
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
35
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
25
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa
22
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
0.90
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80
15
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
99+
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
32
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64
99+
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
64
99+
88
30
Number of Neutrons
93
37
138
16
Number of Electrons
64
99+
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
Not Available
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
20
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
34
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm
32
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
9
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
99+
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3
31
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)
9
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa
33
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa
34
Not Available
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa
35
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.26
23
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.90
40
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m
99+
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
2
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
99+
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
36
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
27
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
16
71.00 J/mol.K
14
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