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Radium vs Samarium

Radium
Samarium
Samarium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Sm  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
441.00 MPa  
32
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
412.00 MPa  
40
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.17  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.17  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.17  
40
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.17  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
88  
40
Number of Electrons
88  
30
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
229.00 pm  
25
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
44.80 (-eV)  
38
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
362.10 pm  
37
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
19.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
37.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
49.70 GPa  
40
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,345.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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