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Radium Gadolinium Comparison

Radium
Gadolinium
Gadolinium Radium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Gd   
Group Number
2   
16
0   
18
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440542   
33
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1880   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
1,311.00 °C   
35
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
3,233.00 °C   
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.20   
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
64   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
64   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
93   
37
Number of Electrons
88   
30
64   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
363.60 pm   
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
21.80 GPa   
33
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
37.90 GPa   
34
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
54.80 GPa   
35
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
23
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
7.90   
40
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
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