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Gallium Rutherfordium Comparison

Gallium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium Gallium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Rf   
Group Number
13   
5
4   
14
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
Cmca   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1875   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
Not Available   
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Not Available   
Summary >>
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