Gallium vs Silver
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Ag
Group Number
13
5
11
7
Period Number
4
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
64.00
9
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Unknown
Discovery
In 1875
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
Not Available
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
61
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
0.00 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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