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Gallium vs Silver


Silver vs Gallium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ga   
Ag   

Group Number
13   
5
11   
7

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
p block   
d block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440224   
99+

Space Group Name
Cmca   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
64.00   
9
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1875   
Before 5000 BC   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
19

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   

Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29

In Bone
Not Available   
0.44 p.p.m.   
20

Physical Properties

Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
961.93 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
2,212.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
251.00 MPa   
37

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
229.00 MPa   
30

Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
2,680.00 m/s   
34

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
97.00 %   
1

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ga   
Ag   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.93   
9

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
1.83   
11

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
1.47   
15

Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.87   
7

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.07   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
731.00 kJ/mol   
27

2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11

3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19

4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7

Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.26 eV   
20

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
31   
99+
47   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
31   
99+
47   
99+

Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
61   
99+

Number of Electrons
31   
99+
47   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
36

Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39

Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
172.00 pm   
38

Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
107.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Zinc
  
Palladium
  

Next Element
Rubidium
  
Cadmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
11.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
408.53 pm   
20

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
10.49 g/cm3   
35

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
21

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
14

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
100.00 GPa   
16

Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
83.00 GPa   
23

Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
10.50   
26

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
5

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1

Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
125.60 kJ/mol   
5

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25

Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
429.00 W/m·K   
1

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
255.10 kJ/mol   
37

Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
11.30 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
284.50 kJ/mol   
37

Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
42.60 J/mol.K   
35

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