1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744057553850365
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
3.3 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
3.4 History
3.4.2 Who Discovered
Unknown
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.4.3 Discovery
3.6 Abundance
3.6.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
1.4.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
2.2.2 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C2,100.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C5,500.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
7.9.2 Vickers Hardness
7.10 Speed of Sound
8.4 Optical Properties
8.4.1 Refractive Index
8.4.2 Reflectivity
8.5 Allotropes
8.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.6.4 Allen Electronegativity
11.7 Electropositivity
11.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.8 Ionization Energies
11.8.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.8.3 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.10.1 3rd Energy Level
NA2,296.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.11.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,077.90 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.12.5 5th Energy Level
11.13.4 6th Energy Level
12.2.3 7th Energy level
12.3.2 8th Energy Level
12.3.5 9th Energy Level
12.3.9 10th Energy Level
12.3.13 11th Energy Level
12.3.18 12th Energy Level
12.3.23 13th Energy Level
12.3.27 14th Energy Level
12.3.29 15th Energy Level
12.4.4 16th Energy Level
12.6.1 17th Energy Level
12.6.3 18th Energy Level
12.7.3 19th Energy Level
13.1.3 20th Energy Level
13.1.4 21st Energy Level
13.4.3 22nd Energy Level
13.4.5 23rd Energy Level
13.4.9 24th Energy Level
13.4.12 25th Energy Level
13.4.14 26th Energy Level
13.5.2 27th Energy Level
13.5.5 28th Energy Level
13.5.8 29th Energy Level
13.5.12 30th Energy Level
13.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
13.8 Electron Work Function
13.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
14.5 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
14.5.1 Crystal Lattice
14.6 Atom
14.6.1 Number of Protons
14.7.1 Number of Neutrons
14.10.1 Number of Electrons
15.2 Radius of an Atom
15.2.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm150.00 pm
112
265
16.1.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm157.00 pm
96
260
16.5.1 Van der Waals Radius
16.7 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
16.9 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
16.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.11.1 Previous Element
16.11.2 Next Element
16.12 Valence Electron Potential
16.14 Lattice Constant
407.82 pmNA
228.58
891.25
16.15 Lattice Angles
16.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.6 Tensile Strength
18.2 Viscosity
18.4 Vapor Pressure
18.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
19.3 Elasticity properties
19.3.1 Shear Modulus
19.4.2 Bulk Modulus
19.6.2 Young's Modulus
19.10 Poisson Ratio
21.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
22.6.2 Magnetic Ordering
22.6.3 Permeability
22.7.1 Susceptibility
22.9 Electrical Properties
22.9.1 Electrical Property
22.9.2 Resistivity
22.10.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
22.12.1 Electron Affinity
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
24.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
24.3 Thermal Conductivity
24.7 Critical Temperature
24.9 Thermal Expansion
24.10 Enthalpy
24.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
25.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
26.2 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1