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Gold
Gold

Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium



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Rutherfordium

Gold Rutherfordium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Au
Rf
1.2 Group Number
114
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
67
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744057553850365
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Not Available
1.12 Space Group Number
225.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
3.3 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
3.4 History
3.4.2 Who Discovered
Unknown
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.4.3 Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1964
3.6 Abundance
3.6.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
1.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Palladium
1.7E-07 22
1.4.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
1.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.2.2 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
5.4.2 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C2,100.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C5,500.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.4.2 Color
Gold
Unknown
7.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
2.50NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
7.9.2 Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
7.10 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
8.4 Optical Properties
8.4.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
8.4.2 Reflectivity
95.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
8.5 Allotropes
8.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
Au
Rf
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
3613
Tennessine Metal
0 38
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.54NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
11.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
11.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42NA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
11.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
11.6.4 Allen Electronegativity
1.92NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
11.7 Electropositivity
11.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.46NA
Palladium
1.46 3.3
11.8 Ionization Energies
11.8.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
11.8.3 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
11.10.1 3rd Energy Level
NA2,296.40 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
11.11.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,077.90 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
11.12.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
11.13.4 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
12.2.3 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
12.3.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
12.3.5 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
12.3.9 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
12.3.13 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
12.3.18 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
12.3.23 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
12.3.27 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
12.3.29 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
12.4.4 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
12.6.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
12.6.3 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
12.7.3 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
13.1.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
13.1.4 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
13.4.3 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
13.4.5 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
13.4.9 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
13.4.12 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
13.4.14 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
13.5.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
13.5.5 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
13.5.8 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
13.5.12 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
13.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
13.8 Electron Work Function
5.10 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
13.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
79104
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
14.5 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
14.5.1 Crystal Lattice
14.6 Atom
14.6.1 Number of Protons
79104
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.7.1 Number of Neutrons
118157
Lithium Metal
4 184
14.10.1 Number of Electrons
79104
Lithium Metal
3 117
15.2 Radius of an Atom
15.2.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm150.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
16.1.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm157.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
16.5.1 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
16.7 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu267.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
16.9 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
16.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.11.1 Previous Element
16.11.2 Next Element
16.12 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
16.14 Lattice Constant
407.82 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
16.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
16.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
17.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
17.6 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
18.2 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
18.4 Vapor Pressure
18.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
18.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
19.3 Elasticity properties
19.3.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
19.4.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
19.6.2 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
19.10 Poisson Ratio
0.40NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
21.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.32NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
22.6.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
22.6.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
22.7.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
22.9 Electrical Properties
22.9.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
22.9.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
22.10.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
22.12.1 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
24.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
24.3 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
24.7 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
24.9 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
24.10 Enthalpy
24.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
25.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
25.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
26.2 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1