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Gold vs Magnesium

Gold
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Mg  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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