Gold vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Mg
Group Number
11
7
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440575
31
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Joseph Black
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
Not Available
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
12
99+
Number of Electrons
79
37
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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