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Magnesium vs Gold

Magnesium
Gold
Gold vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Au   
Group Number
2   
16
11   
7
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1755   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gold   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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