Magnesium Gold Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Au
Group Number
2
16
11
7
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Unknown
Discovery
In 1755
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gold
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
2.54
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
118
23
Number of Electrons
12
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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