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Gold vs Rhodium

Gold
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Rh  
Group Number
11  
7
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000002 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
Not Available  
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
36
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
31
1,100.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
1
2.28  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
18
1.45  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
7
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
5
1.56  
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
4
4.98 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79  
37
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
23
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
39
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
21
380.34 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
4
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
12.41 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
6
10.70 g/cm3  
14
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
15
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
27
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
8
12.41  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
109.70 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
495.40 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
556.50 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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