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Rhodium vs Iron

Rhodium
Iron
Iron vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Fe   
Group Number
9   
9
8   
10
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1804   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
Not Available   
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.64   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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