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Rhodium Iron Comparison

Rhodium
Iron
Iron Rhodium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Fe  
Group Number
9  
9
8  
10
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
-  
Discovery
In 1804  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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