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Gold
Gold

Zirconium
Zirconium



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Gold Zirconium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Au
Zr
1.2 Group Number
114
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405757440677
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1789
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %5 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Palladium
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C1,852.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C4,377.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gold
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.505.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa638.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa820.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
95.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Au
Zr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3624
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.541.33
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.90
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.421.22
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.921.32
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.462.67
Palladium
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,218.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,313.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.10 eV4.05 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
7940
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
7940
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
11851
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
7940
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm175.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu91.22 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
407.82 pm323.20 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.611.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa330.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa33.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa91.10 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa88.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.400.34
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.326.51
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1