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Holmium Gold Comparison

Holmium
Gold
Gold Holmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1878   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
98   
34
118   
23
Number of Electrons
67   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Summary >>
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