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Holmium Gold Comparison


Gold Holmium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ho   
Au   

Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440575   
31

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1878   
Before 6000 BCE   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35

In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
1,064.43 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gold   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
194.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
216.00 MPa   
31

Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
2,030.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ho   
Au   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
2.54   
1

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
1.46   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8

2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12

3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
67   
99+
79   
37

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
67   
99+
79   
37

Number of Neutrons
98   
34
118   
23

Number of Electrons
67   
99+
79   
37

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
151.00 pm   
32

Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
144.00 pm   
40

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
166.00 pm   
39

Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33

Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Platinum
  

Next Element
Erbium
  
Mercury
  

Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
43.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
407.82 pm   
21

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
1.61   
4

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
17.31 g/cm3   
6

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
0.00 (Pa)   
23

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
27.00 GPa   
27

Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
79.00 GPa   
24

Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.40   
4

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
19.32   
8

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
25.42 J/mol·K   
40

Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
324.40 kJ/mol   
27

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
12.55 kJ/mol   
27

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
364.00 kJ/mol   
25

Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
47.40 J/mol.K   
32

Summary >>
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