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Holmium vs Gold

Holmium
Gold
Gold vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
-  
Discovery
In 1878  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
14
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
36
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.67  
29
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
38
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.23  
30
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.23  
37
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.23  
99+
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
67  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
98  
35
118  
24
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
36
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
32
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
35
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
37
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
33
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
25
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,747.00 K  
34
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
35
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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