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Holmium vs Cobalt

Holmium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Co  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
14
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
36
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.67  
29
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
38
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.23  
30
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.23  
37
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.23  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
39
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
67  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
98  
35
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
36
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
32
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
35
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
37
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
33
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
25
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,747.00 K  
34
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
35
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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