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Cobalt vs Praseodymium

Cobalt
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Pr  
Group Number
9  
9
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
-  
Discovery
In 1732  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
35
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
31
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
18
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
18
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
-  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Co  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
13
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
6
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88  
14
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
13
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
9
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
3
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K  
32
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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