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Praseodymium vs Cobalt

Praseodymium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Co  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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