Iridium Palladium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Pd
Group Number
9
9
10
8
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1803
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
60
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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