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Iridium vs Palladium

Iridium
Palladium
Palladium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Pd   
Group Number
9   
9
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.35   
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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