Iridium Thulium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Tm
Group Number
9
9
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1803
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
100
32
Number of Electrons
74
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
Not Available
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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