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Iridium vs Thulium

Iridium
Thulium
Thulium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Tm   
Group Number
9   
9
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.25   
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
100   
32
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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