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Iridium vs Beryllium

Iridium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Be  
Group Number
9  
9
2  
16
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
White Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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