Iridium vs Gallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Ga
Group Number
9
9
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
225.00
2
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1803
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
39
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
Not Available
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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