Lanthanum Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
La
Ca
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439910
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1838
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
32
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
19
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.
24
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C
18
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa
30
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa
26
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s
37
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10
99+
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90
10
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
57
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
57
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm
8
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm
6
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm
13
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol
16
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm
28
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
2
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3
99+
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa
40
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa
99+
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa
99+
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.17
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m
7
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol
23
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
21
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol
17
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol
16
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K
23
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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