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Lanthanum vs Rubidium

Lanthanum
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Rb   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1838   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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