Lanthanum Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
La
Y
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439910
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1838
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.
24
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C
18
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa
30
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa
26
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s
37
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10
99+
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90
10
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
57
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
57
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm
8
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm
6
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm
13
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol
16
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm
28
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
2
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3
99+
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
15
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa
40
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa
99+
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa
99+
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.17
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m
7
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol
23
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
21
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol
17
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol
16
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K
23
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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