Lithium Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Bi
Group Number
1
17
15
3
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
229.00
1
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1817
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
3
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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