Lithium Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Rh
Group Number
1
17
9
9
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1817
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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