Symbol
Li
  
Sm
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
2
  
6
  
Block
s block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
R_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In 1879
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
Slightly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
22
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
  
17
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
1,900.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
2,130.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Li
  
Sm
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
1,070.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
2,260.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
3,990.00 kJ/mol
  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr
  
34
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
19.95 cm3/mol
  
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
44.80 (-eV)
  
37
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
7.52 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
0.20 J/(kg K)
  
31
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
29.54 J/mol·K
  
7
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
13.30 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
12.70 µm/(m·K)
  
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
166.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
8.62 kJ/mol
  
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
209.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+
69.60 J/mol.K
  
15