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Lithium Thallium Comparison

Lithium
Thallium
Thallium Lithium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Tl  
Group Number
1  
17
13  
5
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
123  
21
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
Summary >>
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