Lithium vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Sn
Group Number
1
17
14
4
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I41/amd
Space Group Number
229.00
1
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Unknown
Discovery
In 1817
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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