Lithium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Zn
Group Number
1
17
12
6
Period Number
2
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1817
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
|
||
|
||
|
|
||
|
||
|