Lutetium Gallium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Ga
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1906
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
39
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
0.00 (Pa)
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
Not Available
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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