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Lutetium vs Gold

Lutetium
Gold
Gold vs Lutetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439943  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
-  
Discovery
In 1906  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C  
19
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C  
20
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa  
11
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,200.00 m/s  
10
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lu  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27  
35
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.27  
27
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.27  
34
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.27  
99+
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73  
20
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
28
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr  
27
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV  
99+
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
71  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
104  
31
118  
24
Number of Electrons
71  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu  
40
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)  
27
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
32
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
230.00 MPa  
18
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)  
11
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa  
33
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa  
25
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa  
32
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
14
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K  
31
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,925.00 K  
23
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol  
32
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol  
26
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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