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Magnesium Radium Comparison

Magnesium
Radium
Radium Magnesium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Ra  
Group Number
2  
16
2  
16
Period Number
3  
7  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
-  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
138  
17
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
Summary >>
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