Magnesium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Sn
Group Number
2
16
14
4
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Unknown
Discovery
In 1755
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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