Tin vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Ca
Group Number
14
4
2
16
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Humphry Davy
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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