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Tin Calcium Comparison


Tin
Calcium Tin comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sn   
Ca   

Group Number
14   
4
2   
16

Period Number
5   
4   

Block
p block   
s block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440702   
21

Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
141.00   
7
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Humphry Davy   

Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1808   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
7 * 10-3 %   
3

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.007 %   
4

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
1.10 %   
4

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
5.00 %   
3

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
5

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
1.40 %   
1

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4

In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1

Physical Properties

Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
1.75   
17

Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
3,810.00 m/s   
19

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sn   
Ca   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
19   
20

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.00   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
0.95   
24

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.04   
34

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.08   
17

Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.03   
39

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
3.00   
9

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7

4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7

5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
2.87 eV   
38

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
50   
99+
20   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ar] 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
50   
99+
20   
99+

Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
20   
99+

Number of Electrons
50   
99+
20   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
197.00 pm   
6

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22

Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
231.00 pm   
19

Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
29.90 cm3/mol   
7

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Indium
  
Potassium
  

Next Element
Cesium
  
Scandium
  

Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
29.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
558.84 pm   
9

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
1.38 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
25.50 (Pa)   
3

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
7.40 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
17.00 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
20.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
4.58   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6

Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
2.37 kJ/mol   
39

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7

Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
25.93 J/mol·K   
34

Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
201.00 W/m·K   
5

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
41.60 J/mol.K   
36

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