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Magnesium vs Calcium

Magnesium
Calcium
Calcium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Ca   
Group Number
2   
16
2   
16
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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