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Magnesium vs Praseodymium

Magnesium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Pr  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
-  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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