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Manganese Magnesium Comparison

Manganese
Magnesium
Magnesium Manganese comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Mg  
Group Number
7  
11
2  
16
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1774  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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