Magnesium vs Rhodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Rh
Group Number
2
16
9
9
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1755
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
Not Available
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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